Periodontal: the word means "around the tooth." That's just where you'll find periodontal disease - in the tissues and structures surrounding teeth, such as gums and jawbones. Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is caused by destructive bacteria found in built-up plaque.
Periodontal disease can usually be prevented or reversed with thorough home care and regular dental checkups. However, if allowed to progress, it does so in stages that are increasingly severe.
- Stage I: Gingivitis. This earliest stage of gum disease is characterized by puffy gums that bleed easily. It affects gums but not underlying bone and can be reversed by removing built-up plaque.
- Stage II: Periodontitis. Gums begin to pull away from teeth, forming shallow pockets where additional bacteria can accumulate. The underlying bone is not yet affected.
- Stage III: Advanced periodontitis. Pockets deepen between teeth and gums, and the jawbone around teeth deteriorates.
Filling The Gaps
Scaling, root planing and oral irrigation are among the nonsurgical treatments for earlier stages of periodontal disease. Scaling teeth removes hardened deposits and built-up plaque above and below the gum line. Root planing smoothes the surfaces of teeth well below the gum line and removes accumulated diseased tissue, so gums can reattach to these surfaces and heal. Oral irrigation flushes destructive bacteria from periodontal pockets, aiding the healing of gums.
An Ounce Of Prevention
Regular, thorough brushing and flossing, a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle are the best safeguards against periodontal disease. Regular checkups are essential, too, because a check for periodontal disease is part of the standard package.
Dentists can evaluate an individual's personal risk factors, which include:
- Systemic diseases such as diabetes
- Medication such as steroids, some types of antiepilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, some calcium channel blockers and oral contraceptives
- Bridges that no longer fit properly
- Crooked teeth
- Fillings that have become defective
- Pregnancy
- Tobacco smoking or chewing
It's also important to keep regular dental appointments because some people don't notice symptoms of periodontal disease, even when they have it.
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